Ukukhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke kuyathinteka njengoba abahlaziyi bexwayisa ngezinkinga zokuhlinzekwa kwempahla phakathi nonyaka ozayo
Abenzi bezimoto emhlabeni wonke babhekene nokushoda kwama-chip okubaphoqa ukuthi bamise ukukhiqizwa, kodwa abaphathi nabahlaziyi bathi kungenzeka baqhubeke nokulwa omunye unyaka noma ngisho emibili.
I-chipmaker yaseJalimane i-Infineon Technologies ithe ngesonto eledlule ibilwela ukuhlinzeka ngezimakethe njengoba ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 luphazamisa ukukhiqizwa eMalaysia. Le nkampani isabhekene nemiphumela yesiphepho sasebusika eTexas, e-United States.
Isikhulu esiphezulu uReinhard Ploss uthe uhlu lwezimpahla “lusezingeni eliphansi kakhulu; ama-chips ethu athunyelwa kusuka ezimpahleni zethu (izimboni) ziqonde ngqo kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ”.
“Isidingo sama-semiconductors asinqamuki. Nokho, okwamanje imakethe ibhekene nesimo esinzima kakhulu sokuhlinzekwa kwezidingongqangi,” kusho uPloss. Uthe lesi simo singaqhubeka kuze kube ngu-2022.
Igalelo lakamuva embonini yezimoto emhlabeni wonke lifike njengoba i-Renesas Electronics iqala ukubuyisela umthamo wayo wokuthunyelwa kusukela maphakathi noJulayi. Umenzi we-chip waseJapan ubhekane nomlilo esitshalweni sakhe ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka.
Abakwa-AlixPartners balinganise ukuthi imboni yezimoto ingase ilahlekelwe u-$61 billion ekuthengisweni kwalo nyaka ngenxa yokushoda kwama-chip.
I-Stellantis, umkhiqizi omkhulu wezimoto emhlabeni, uxwayise ngesonto eledlule ukuthi ukushoda kwama-semiconductor kuzoqhubeka nokuthinta ukukhiqizwa.
UGeneral Motors uthe ukushoda kwama-chip kuzophoqa ukuthi ingasebenzi izimboni ezintathu zaseNyakatho Melika ezenza amaloli amakhulu.
Ukumiswa komsebenzi kuzoba okwesibili emasontweni asanda kwedlula lapho izimboni zamaloli ezintathu ezinkulu zikaGM zizomisa kakhulu noma konke ukukhiqiza ngenxa yenkinga yama-chip.
AbakwaBMW balinganiselwa ku-90 000 izimoto okungenzeka ukuthi azikhiqizwanga ngenxa yokushoda kwalo nyaka.
"Ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwamanje mayelana nempahla esetshenziswayo, asikwazi ukukuvimba ukuthi izibalo zethu zokuthengisa zingakhinyabezwa ezinye izikhathi zokukhiqiza," kusho ilungu lebhodi lezezimali lakwaBMW uNicolas Peter.
E-China, abakwaToyota bamise ulayini wokukhiqiza e-Guangzhou, inhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe i-Guangdong, ngesonto eledlule njengoba bengakwazi ukuthola ama-chips anele.
IVolkswagen nayo ike yahlaselwa yile nkinga. Idayise izimoto ezingu-1.85 million eChina engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, inyuke ngo-16.2% unyaka nonyaka, okuyisibalo esingaphansi kakhulu kwezinga lokukhula kwesilinganiso esingamaphesenti angama-27.
“Sibone ukudayiswa budlabha ku-Q2. Akunjalo ngoba amakhasimende aseShayina avele angasithandi. Kungenxa yokuthi sithinteke kakhulu ngokushoda kwama-chip,” kusho isikhulu sakwaVolkswagen Group China uStephan Woellenstein.
Uthe ukukhiqizwa kuthinteke kakhulu ngoJuni mayelana nesiteji sayo iMQB, okwakhiwa kuyo izimoto zakwaVolkswagen neSkoda. Izitshalo bekufanele zilungise izinhlelo zazo zokukhiqiza cishe nsuku zonke.
UWoellenstein uthe ukushoda kusasele ngoJulayi kodwa kuzoncishiswa kusukela ngo-Agasti njengoba umenzi wezimoto usephendukela kwabanye abahlinzeki bezimoto. Kodwa-ke, uxwayise isimo sonke sokuhlinzekwa kwezidingo sisalokhu siguquguquka futhi ukushoda okujwayelekile kuzoqhubeka kuze kube ngu-2022.
I-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers ithe ukuthengiswa okuhlangene kwabakhiqizi bezimoto ezweni kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwehle ngamaphesenti angu-13.8 unyaka nonyaka kuya cishe ezigidini ezingu-1.82 ngoJulayi, nokushoda kwama-chip okuyimbangela enkulu.
UJean-Marc Chery, oyi-CEO ye-Franco-Italian chipmaker STMicroelectronics, uthe ama-oda angonyaka ozayo asedlulele emandleni okukhiqiza enkampani yakhe.
Kukhona ukuvuma okubanzi embonini ukuthi ukushoda "kuzohlala kuze kube unyaka ozayo okungenani", esho.
U-Infineon's Ploss uthe: “Senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukuthuthukisa izindaba kulo lonke uchungechunge lwamanani futhi sisebenza ngokuguquguquka ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuzuze amakhasimende ethu.
"Ngasikhathi sinye, siyaqhubeka nokukhulisa amandla engeziwe."
Kodwa izimboni ezintsha azikwazi ukuvula ngokuphazima kweso. "Ukwakha amandla amasha kuthatha isikhathi-indwangu entsha, engaphezu kweminyaka engu-2.5," kusho u-Ondrej Burkacky, uzakwethu omkhulu kanye nomholi ohlangene we-global semiconductors practice at consultancy McKinsey.
"Ngakho-ke ukwanda okuningi okuqala manje ngeke kwenyuse umthamo otholakalayo kuze kube ngu-2023," kusho uBurkacky.
Ohulumeni bamazwe ahlukene batshala imali isikhathi eside njengoba izimoto zihlakaniphile futhi zidinga ama-chips amaningi.
NgoMeyi, iNingizimu Korea yamemezela ukutshalwa kwezimali kuka-$451 billion emzamweni wayo wokuba i-semiconductor giant. Ngenyanga edlule, iSenethi yase-US ivotele ngama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-52 ekuxhasweni kwezitshalo zama-chip.
I-European Union ifuna ukuphinda kabili isabelo sayo somthamo wokukhiqiza ama-chip emhlabeni wonke sibe ngamaphesenti angama-20 emakethe ngo-2030.
I-China isimemezele izinqubomgomo ezivumayo ukugqugquzela intuthuko yomkhakha. UMiao Wei, owayengungqongqoshe wezimboni nobuchwepheshe bolwazi, uthe isifundo ngokushoda kwama-chip emhlabeni wonke ukuthi i-China idinga imboni yayo ezimele futhi elawulekayo yama-auto chip.
“Sisenkathini lapho isoftware ichaza izimoto, futhi izimoto zidinga ama-CPU nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngakho kufanele sihlele kusenesikhathi,” kusho uMiao.
Izinkampani zaseShayina zenza impumelelo kuma-chips athuthuke kakhulu, njengalawo adingeka emisebenzini yokushayela ngokuzenzakalelayo.
I-Horizon Robotics esungulwe e-Beijing ithumele ama-chips angaphezu kuka-400,000 kusukela elokuqala lafakwa kumodeli yendawo ye-Changan ngoJuni 2020.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-09-2021